ANALISIS PENERAPAN ALIRAN-ALIRAN FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN DALAM KEGIATAN PEMBELAJARAN DI PKBM UQASYAH

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the application of several educational philosophical traditions, namely idealism, realism, materialism, pragmatism, and existentialism, in the learning activities at PKBM Uqasyah, which is located in Desa Sampali, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method using in-depth interviews with the PKBM administrator and direct observations of learning activities. The findings show that PKBM Uqasyah applies all five philosophical approaches in an integrative manner that aligns with the characteristics of nonformal education. Idealism is reflected in the emphasis on moral, religious, and responsibility values; realism appears through the adaptation of learning processes to the actual conditions of the learners; materialism is evident in the institution’s focus on fulfilling practical needs, particularly through the provision of educational certificates as a means to improve quality of life; pragmatism emerges through flexible learning arrangements and the emphasis on direct benefits such as improved work readiness; and existentialism is seen in the freedom given to learners to determine their learning needs as well as in the personalized approach of tutors. However, the study also identifies several challenges, including low attendance among learners, limited facilities, and skill-development programs that have not yet been optimized. Overall, PKBM Uqasyah has developed an adaptive, humanistic, and contextually relevant model of nonformal education, although further strengthening of its system and long-term program sustainability is still needed.